{"id":6349,"date":"2025-08-12T08:00:30","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T01:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/?p=6349"},"modified":"2025-08-22T16:59:39","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T09:59:39","slug":"materials-to-take-us-beyond-concrete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/materials-to-take-us-beyond-concrete","title":{"rendered":"Materials to take us beyond concrete (Cam 18, Test 3, Passage 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_66_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >N\u1ed9i dung ch&iacute;nh<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #28282d;color:#28282d\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #28282d;color:#28282d\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/materials-to-take-us-beyond-concrete\/#I_De_bai_IELTS_Reading_%E2%80%9CMaterials_to_take_us_beyond_concrete%E2%80%9D\" title=\"I. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i IELTS Reading \u201cMaterials to take us beyond concrete\u201d\">I. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i IELTS Reading \u201cMaterials to take us beyond concrete\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/materials-to-take-us-beyond-concrete\/#II_Dap_an_chi_tiet\" title=\"II. \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft\">II. \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/materials-to-take-us-beyond-concrete\/#III_Giai_thich_dap_an_chi_tiet\" title=\"III. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft\u00a0\">III. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay, <a href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>The Catalyst for English<\/strong><\/a> (TCE) s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ec1 Materials to take us beyond concrete (Cam 18, Test 3, Passage 1). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i sai trong b\u00e0i IELTS Reading t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng theo d\u00f5i n\u1ed9i dung d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_De_bai_IELTS_Reading_%E2%80%9CMaterials_to_take_us_beyond_concrete%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>I. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i IELTS Reading \u201cMaterials to take us beyond concrete\u201d<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Materials to take us beyond concrete<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concrete is everywhere, but it\u2019s bad for the planet, generating large amounts of carbon dioxide \u2013 alternatives are being developed<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A. Concrete is the second most used substance in the global economy, after water-and one of the world\u2019s biggest single sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The chemical process by which cement, the key ingredient of concrete, is created results in large quantities of carbon dioxide. The UN estimates that there will be 9.8 billion people living on the planet by mid-century. They will need somewhere to live. If concrete is the only answer to the construction of new cities, then carbon emissions will soar, aggravating global warming. And so scientists have started innovating with other materials, in a scramble for alternatives to a universal commodity that has underpinned our modem life for many years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B. The problem with replacing concrete is that it is so very good at what it does. Chris Cheeseman, an engineering professor at Imperial College London, says the key thing to consider is the extent to which concrete is used around the world, and is likely to continue to be used. \u2018Concrete is not a high-carbon product. Cement is high carbon, but concrete is not. But it is the scale on which it is used that makes it high carbon. The sheer scale of manufacture is so huge, that is the issue.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C. Not only are the ingredients of concrete relatively cheap and found in abundance in most places around the globe, the stuff itself has marvellous properties: Portland cement, the vital component of concrete, is mouldable and pourable, but quickly sets hard. Cheeseman also notes another advantage: concrete and steel have similar thermal expansion properties, so steel can be used to reinforce concrete, making it far stronger and more flexible as a building material than it could be on its own. According to Cheeseman, all these factors together make concrete hard to beat. \u2018Concrete is amazing stuff. Making anything with similar properties is going to be very difficult.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D. A possible alternative to concrete is wood. Making buildings from wood may seem like a rather medieval idea, but climate change is driving architects to turn to treated timber as a possible resource. Recent years have seen the emergence of tall buildings constructed almost entirely from timber. Vancouver, Vienna and Brumunddal in Norway are all home to constructed tall, wooden buildings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E. Using wood to construct buildings, however, is not straightforward. Wood expands as it absorbs moisture from the air and is susceptible to pests, not to mention fire. But treating wood and combining it with other materials can improve its properties. Cross-laminated timber is engineered wood. An adhesive is used to stick layers of solid-sawn timber together, crosswise, to form building blocks. This material is light but has the strength of concrete and steel. Construction experts say that wooden buildings can be constructed at a greater speed than ones of concrete and steel and the process, it seems, is quieter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">F. Stora Enso is Europe\u2019s biggest supplier of cross-laminated timber, and its vice-president Markus Mannstrom reports that the company is seeing increasing demand globally for building in wood, with climate change concerns the key driver. Finland, with its large forests, where Stora Enso is based, has been leading the way, but the company is seeing a rise in demand for its timber products across the world, including in Asia. Of course, using timber in a building also locks away the carbon that it absorbed as it grew. But even treated wood has its limitations and only when a wider range of construction projects has been proven in practice will it be possible to see wood as a real alternative to concrete in constructing tall buildings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G. Fly ash and slag from iron ore are possible alternatives to cement in a concrete mix. Fly ash, a byproduct of coal-burning power plants, can be incorporated into concrete mixes to make up as much as 15 to 30% of the cement, without harming the strength or durability of the resulting mix. Iron-ore slag, a byproduct of the iron-ore smelting process, can be used in a similar way. Their incorporation into concrete mixes has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But Anna Surgenor, of the UK\u2019s Green Building Council, notes that although these waste products can save carbon in the concrete mix, their use is not always straightforward. \u2018It\u2019s possible to replace the cement content in concrete with waste products to lower the overall carbon impact. But there are several calculations that need to be considered across the entire life cycle of the building -these include factoring in where these materials are being shipped from. If they are transported over long distances, using fossil fuels, the use of alternative materials might not make sense from an overall carbon reduction perspective.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. While these technologies are all promising ideas, they are either unproven or based on materials that are not abundant. In their overview of innovation in the concrete industry, Felix Preston and Johanna Lehne of the UK\u2019s Royal Institute of International Affairs reached the conclusion that, \u2018Some novel cements have been discussed for more than a decade within the research community, without breaking through.At present, these alternatives are rarely as cost-effective as conventional cement, and they face raw-material shortages and resistance from customers.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/luyen-tap\/luyen-doc-reading?key=[Cam%2018]%20Reading%20-%20Test%203&amp;page=1\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><button style=\"background-color: #7f141d; color: white; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 10px; border: 2px solid #7f141d; padding: 10px 20px;\">TR\u1ea2I NGHI\u1ec6M H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG LUY\u1ec6N T\u1eacP MI\u1ec4N PH\u00cd NGAY<\/button><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 1-4<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reading Passage 1 has eight sections, A-H.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Which section contains the following information?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check answers<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> an explanation of the industrial processes that create potential raw materials for concrete\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a reference to the various locations where high-rise wooden buildings can be found\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> an indication of how widely available the raw materials of concrete are\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the belief that more high-rise wooden buildings are needed before wood can be regarded as a viable construction material\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 5-8<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check answers<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Making buildings with wood<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wood is a traditional building material, but current environmental concerns are encouraging 5\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. to use wood in modern construction projects. Using wood, however, has its challenges. For example, as 6\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. in the atmosphere enters wood, it increases in size. In addition, wood is prone to pests and the risk of fire is greater. However, wood can be turned into a better construction material if it is treated and combined with other materials. In one process, 7. \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. of solid wood are glued together to create building blocks. These blocks are lighter than concrete and steel but equal them in strength. Experts say that wooden buildings are an improvement on those made of concrete and steel in terms of the 8\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. with which they can be constructed and how much noise is generated by the process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 9-13<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Look at the following statements (Questions 9-13) and the list of people below.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Match each statement with the correct person, A, B, C or D.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NB You may use any letter more than once.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">List of People<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Chris Cheeseman<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Markus Mannstrom<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Anna Surgenor<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Felix Preston and Johanna Lehne<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check answers<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"9\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The environmental advantage of cement alternatives may not be as great as initially assumed\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It would be hard to create a construction alternative to concrete that offers so many comparable benefits\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Worries about the environment have led to increased interest in wood as a construction material\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Expense has been a factor in the negative response to the development of new cements\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The environmental damage caused by concrete is due to it being produced in large quantities\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II_Dap_an_chi_tiet\"><\/span><strong>II. \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"width: 100.202%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><b>Question<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><b>Answer<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">F<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">architects<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">moisture<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">layers<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">speed<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.3444%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 525.995%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"III_Giai_thich_dap_an_chi_tiet\"><\/span><strong>III. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong b\u00e0i Materials to take us beyond concrete, anh \u0110\u1ee9c Nam (gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean IELTS 8.5+ c\u1ee7a TCE) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6456%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Questions 1-4: D\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i Matching Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> Xem qua danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb cho s\u1eb5n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 organizing words v\u00e0 content words.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong> Qu\u00e9t nhanh (scan) t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong> Ghi \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 A, B, C\u2026 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00ean gi\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn hai m\u1ea9u th\u00f4ng tin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 1:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: G<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">explanation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ff00;\">industrial processes<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that create <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">potential raw materials<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for concrete<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n G:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">Fly ash<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">slag from iron<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ore are possible alternatives to cement in a concrete mix. Fly ash, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ff00;\">a byproduct of coal-burning power plants<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">can be incorporated<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into concrete mixes to make up as much as 15 to 30% of the cement, without harming the strength or durability of the resulting mix. Iron-ore slag, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ff00;\">a byproduct of the iron-ore smelting process<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">can be used in a similar way<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n G, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sinh ra ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 tro bay (t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed1t than) v\u00e0 tro qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft (t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n qu\u1eb7ng). Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thay xi m\u0103ng trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 G.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 2:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: D<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 a reference to the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ff00;\">various locations<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">high-rise<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">wooden buildings<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be found.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n D:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recent years have seen the emergence of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">tall buildings<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">constructed almost entirely from timber<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"background-color: #00ff00;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vancouver<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vienna<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brumunddal in Norway<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are all home to <\/span><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cons<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tructed tall, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wooden buildings<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n D \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 D.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 3:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: C<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3 an indication of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">how widely available<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ff00;\">raw materials<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">concrete<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n C:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not only are the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ff00;\">ingredients<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">concrete<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> relatively cheap and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">found in abundance in most places around the globe<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n C, n\u1ed9i dung nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 C.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 4:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: F<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the belief that <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">more high-rise wooden buildings<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">are needed before<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">wood<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">can be regarded<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">viable construction material<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But even treated wood has its limitations and only <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">when a wider range of construction projects has been proven in practice<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">will it be possible to see<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">wood<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">as a<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">real alternative to concrete in constructing tall buildings<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n F n\u00eau r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf b\u00ea t\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh cao t\u1ea7ng khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 F.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Questions 5-8: D\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i Summary Completion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> Khoanh v\u00f9ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i (danh t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb, tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u2026).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i (paraphrase) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u2013 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ph\u1ea7n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1n t\u1eeb v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 5:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: architects<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Making buildings with wood<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">Wood<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">traditional<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">building material<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">current environmental concerns<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">encouraging<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 5 _____ to use <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">wood<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in modern construction projects.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n D:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">Making buildings<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">wood<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may seem like a rather <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">medieval idea<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">climate change<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">driving<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">architects<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">to turn to<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">treated timber<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as a possible resource.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eeb c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u1ee5m &#8220;are encouraging&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;to use&#8221;, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7 trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u1ee5m ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 architects.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 6:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: moisture<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">Using wood, however<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">has its challenges<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For example, as 6 _____ <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">in the atmosphere<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffcc00;\">enters wood<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it increases in size. In addition, wood is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">prone to pests and the risk of fire is greater<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n E:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #00ffff;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using wood to construct buildings, however<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">is not straightforward<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Wood expands as <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffcc00;\">it<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffcc00;\">absorbs<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">moisture<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">from the air<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">susceptible to pests, not to mention fire<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eeb c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5m &#8220;in the atmosphere&#8221;, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn g\u1ed7 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 moisture.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 7:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: layers<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">wood can be turned into a better construction material<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">if it is treated and combined with other materials<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In one process, 7 _____ of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">solid wood are glued together<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">to create building blocks<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These blocks are lighter than concrete and steel but equal them in strength.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n E:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">treating wood and combining it with other materials<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">improve its properties<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cross-laminated timber is engineered wood. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">An adhesive is used to stick<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">layers<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">solid-sawn timber together<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, crosswise, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">to form building blocks<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This material is light but has the strength of concrete and steel.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eeb c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ec n\u1eb1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc &#8220;of&#8221;), d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 layers.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 8:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: speed<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">Experts<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> say that <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">wooden buildings<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">are an improvement<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">those made of concrete and steel<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">in terms of<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the 8 _____ with which they can be constructed and how much noise is generated by the process.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">Construction experts<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> say that <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">wooden buildings<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be constructed <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">at a greater<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> speed <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">than<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">ones of concrete and steel<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the process, it seems, is quieter.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eeb c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng sau m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb &#8220;the&#8221;, mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7 trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00e9p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 speed.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Questions 9-13: D\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i Matching Information\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u00ean ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u00ean ri\u00eang trong b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 2\u20133 c\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau m\u1ed7i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1edbi danh s\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin \u2013 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 9:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: C<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">environmental advantage<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">cement alternatives<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may <\/span><span style=\"background-color: #00ffff;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> be <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as great as<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">initially assumed<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n G:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anna Surgenor<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, of the UK\u2019s Green Building Council, notes that although these waste products can save carbon in the concrete mix, their use is not always straightforward. \u201cIt\u2019s possible to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">replace the cement content in concrete with waste products<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">lower the overall carbon impact<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. But there are several calculations that need to be considered across the entire life cycle of the building \u2013 these include factoring in where these materials are being shipped from. If they are transported over long distances, using fossil fuels, the use of alternative materials <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">might not make sense<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">overall carbon reduction perspective<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anna Surgenor \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng: vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf xi m\u0103ng trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c xa, th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 C Anna Surgenor.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 10:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: A\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">It would be hard<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">create a construction alternative<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">concrete<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">offers so many comparable benefits<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n C:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cheeseman also notes another advantage: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">concrete<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and steel have similar thermal expansion properties, so steel can be used to reinforce <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">concrete<\/span>, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">making it far stronger and more flexible as a building material than it could be on its own<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. According to Cheeseman, all these factors together make <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">concrete hard<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">to beat<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concrete<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">amazing stuff<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">Making anything with similar properties<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">is going to be very difficult<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cheeseman nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00e9p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u1ed1 cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u1eeba b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc v\u1eeba linh ho\u1ea1t. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 A Chris Cheeseman.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 11:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: B<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">Worries about the environment<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ccffff;\">led to<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">increased interes<\/span>t<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">wood as a construction material<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n F:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stora Enso is Europe\u2019s biggest supplier of cross-laminated timber, and its vice-president Markus Mannstrom reports that the company is seeing <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">increasing demand globally<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">building in wood<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">climate change concerns<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ccffff;\">key driver<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Markus Mannstrom cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ty cung \u1ee9ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 \u1edf. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 B Markus Mannstrom.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 12:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: D<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">Expense<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">has been a factor<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">negative response<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffcc00;\">development of new cements<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n H:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In their overview of innovation in the concrete industry, Felix Preston and Johanna Lehne of the UK\u2019s Royal Institute of International Affairs reached the conclusion that, \u201cSome <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffcc00;\">novel cements<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">have been discussed for more than a decade within the research community, without breaking through<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. At present, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffcc00;\">these alternatives<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">rarely as<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">cost-effective<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ffff00;\">as conventional cement<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and they face raw-material shortages and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">resistance from customers<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Felix Preston v\u00e0 Johanna Lehne cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m nay nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho xi m\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i xi m\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 D Felix Preston and Johanna Lehne.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Questions 13:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: A<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Key trong b\u00e0i<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">environmental damage caused<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">concrete<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">due to<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> it <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">being produced in large quantities<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n B:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chris Cheeseman, an engineering professor at Imperial College London, says <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">the key thing to consider<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">the extent to which concrete is used around the world, and is likely to continue to be used<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">Concrete<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is not a <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">high-carbon product<\/span>. Cement is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">high carbon<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #cc99ff;\">concrete<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is not. But it is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">the scale on which it is used<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #ff9900;\">that makes it<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> high carbon. The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #00ffff;\">sheer scale of manufacture is so huge<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: #99cc00;\">that is the issue<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cheeseman gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon cao, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n xi m\u0103ng trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. V\u00ec b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn xi m\u0103ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&gt; \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 A Chris Cheeseman.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 Matching Phrases, Summary Completion without a wordlist v\u00e0 Matching Names c\u1ee7a Materials to take us beyond concrete tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u00eam c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 Reading kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tham gia <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/luyen-tap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a TCE. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 Reading chu\u1ea9n thi th\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 <\/span><b>Materials to take us beyond concrete <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">do \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a The Catalyst for English th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang m\u00ecnh mong r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u00f4n t\u1eadp IELTS Reading hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i m\u1eabu Reading kh\u00e1c, m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c IELTS Reading c\u1ee7a TCE nh\u00e9!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay, The Catalyst for English (TCE) s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ec1 Materials to take us beyond concrete (Cam 18, Test 3, Passage 1). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i sai trong b\u00e0i IELTS Reading t\u01b0\u01a1ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6351,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,51,40,42],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.0 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i Materials to take us beyond concrete<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00f9ng TCE t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 Materials to take us beyond concrete nh\u00e9! 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V\u1edbi h\u01a1n 7 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chinh ph\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfng Anh, IELTS v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111i\u1ec3m Overall 8.5, m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n mong mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao. T\u1ea1i The Catalyst for English, m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t 3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: Connected \u2013 Disciplined \u2013 Goal-oriented (K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u2013 K\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt \u2013 H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1edfi ch\u00fang m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \"ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y\" l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \"\u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c\" trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc IELTS c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh trang h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chinh ph\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfng Anh.","sameAs":["https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/thecatalystforenglish","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/thecatalystforenglish\/"],"url":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/author\/admintce"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6349"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6349"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6625,"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6349\/revisions\/6625"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}