{"id":7991,"date":"2026-06-01T16:36:46","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T09:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/?p=7991"},"modified":"2026-06-01T16:36:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T09:36:55","slug":"research-using-twins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 Research Using Twins &#8211; Cambrigde 11 Test 4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_66_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >N\u1ed9i dung ch&iacute;nh<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #28282d;color:#28282d\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #28282d;color:#28282d\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins\/#1_Tong_quan_ve_bai_doc_Research_Using_Twins\" title=\"1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc Research Using Twins\">1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc Research Using Twins<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins\/#2_Giai_de_Research_Using_Twins_Answers_chi_tiet\" title=\"2. Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 Research Using Twins Answers chi ti\u1ebft\">2. Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 Research Using Twins Answers chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins\/#21_Questions_1_%E2%80%93_4_Dang_TRUE_FALSE_NOT_GIVEN\" title=\"2.1. Questions 1 &#8211; 4. D\u1ea1ng TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN\">2.1. Questions 1 &#8211; 4. D\u1ea1ng TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins\/#22_Questions_5_%E2%80%93_9_Dang_Matching_Name\" title=\"2.2. Questions 5 &#8211; 9. D\u1ea1ng Matching Name\">2.2. Questions 5 &#8211; 9. D\u1ea1ng Matching Name<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins\/#23_Questions_10_%E2%80%93_13\" title=\"2.3. Questions 10 &#8211; 13\">2.3. Questions 10 &#8211; 13<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins\/#3_Tu_vung_trong_bai_Research_Using_Twins\" title=\"3. T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng trong b\u00e0i Research Using Twins\">3. T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng trong b\u00e0i Research Using Twins<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>\u201cResearch Using Twins\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc IELTS Reading khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi paraphrase ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh keyword \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00e0i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecatalyst.edu.vn\/\"><strong>The Catalyst for English<\/strong><\/a> kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Tong_quan_ve_bai_doc_Research_Using_Twins\"><\/span>1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc Research Using Twins<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m trong Cambridge IELTS 11, Test 4, Reading Passage 1. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Sinh h\u1ecdc, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy logic cao.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp link d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f9ng The Catalyst for English \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft nh\u00e9. L\u01b0u \u00fd b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Giai_de_Research_Using_Twins_Answers_chi_tiet\"><\/span>2. Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 Research Using Twins Answers chi ti\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cResearch Using Twins\u201d k\u00e8m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh keyword quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f9ng theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0m b\u00e0i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i d\u1ec5 m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong <a href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/hoc-ielts\/ielts-reading\"><strong>IELTS Reading<\/strong><\/a> nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_Questions_1_%E2%80%93_4_Dang_TRUE_FALSE_NOT_GIVEN\"><\/span>2.1. Questions 1 &#8211; 4. D\u1ea1ng TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 1. There may be <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">genetic causes<\/span> for the differences in <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">how young the skin of identical twins looks.<\/span>(C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n di truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ebb trung c\u1ee7a l\u00e0n da gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p song sinh gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau.)<\/p>\n<p>So s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu: B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: &#8220;B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1eb7p song sinh gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ee5 tinh duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai, ch\u00fang chia s\u1ebb h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang &#8211; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p song sinh c\u00f3 l\u00e0n da tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n &#8211; ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u00edt d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>=&gt; \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n di truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ebb trung c\u1ee7a l\u00e0n da\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: FALSE<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Because identical twins come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, they share virtually the same <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">genetic code<\/span>. Any differences between them &#8211;<span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">one twin having younger looking skin<\/span>, for example \u2013 must be due to environmental factors such as less time spent in the sun.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 2. Twins are at greater risk of developing <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">certain<\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">illnesses<\/span> than non-twins.(C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p song sinh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 song sinh.)<\/p>\n<p>SB\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: &#8220;N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p song sinh gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p song sinh kh\u00e1c tr\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do di truy\u1ec1n&#8221;. =&gt; Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin \u201cC\u00e1c c\u1eb7p song sinh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 song sinh\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: NOT GIVEN<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">If identical twins are more similar to each other with respect to an <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">ailment<\/span> than fraternal twins are, then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 3. Bouchard advertised in newspapers for twins who had been separated at birth.(Bouchard \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p song sinh b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra t\u1eeb khi sinh.)<\/p>\n<p>So s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu: B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: &#8220;Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u1eb7p song sinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p song sinh gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra l\u00fac m\u1edbi sinh v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh&#8221;. =&gt; Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin \u201cBouchard \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p song sinh b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra t\u1eeb khi sinh\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: NOT GIVEN<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">But twin studies took a surprising twist in the 1980s, with the arrival of studies into identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited as adults.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 4. <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">Epigenetic<\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">processes<\/span> are different from both <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">genetic and environmental processes<\/span>(C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u sinh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.)<\/p>\n<p>So s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu: B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: &#8220;Theo m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u sinh, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 ba c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta\u2019&#8221;. =&gt; \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cC\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u sinh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">According to a recent field called <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">epigenetics<\/span>, there is a third factor also in play, one that in some cases serves as a bridge between <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">the environment and our genes<\/span>, and in others operates on its own to shape who we are.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Questions_5_%E2%80%93_9_Dang_Matching_Name\"><\/span>2.2. Questions 5 &#8211; 9. D\u1ea1ng Matching Name<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 5. <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">invented a term<\/span> used to distinguish <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">two factors<\/span> affecting human characteristics.<\/p>\n<p>(\u0110\u1ec1 h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.)<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Francis Galton \u201c\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1eb7p song sinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1875, khi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Francis Galton l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y (v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb &#8216;b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng&#8217;)\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: Francis Galton<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">The idea of using twins to measure the influence of heredity dates back to 1875, when the English scientist Francis Galton first suggested the approach (and <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">coined the phrase<\/span> \u2018<span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">nature and nurture<\/span>\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 6. expressed the view that the <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">study of epigenetics<\/span> will <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">increase our knowledge<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u0110\u1ec1 h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 epigenetics s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.)<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Danielle Reed &#8220;M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Reed n\u00f3i th\u00eam, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u sinh h\u1ecdc h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: Danielie Reed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Having said that, Reed adds, <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">the latest work in epigenetics<\/span> promises to <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">take our understanding even further.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 7. developed a <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">mathematical method<\/span> of measuring <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">genetic influences<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>(\u0110\u1ec1 h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a di truy\u1ec1n.)<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Thomas Bouchard &#8220;Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n. N\u00f3i chung, t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: Thomas Bouchard<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">The key to their approach was a <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">statistical concept called heritability<\/span>. In broad terms, the heritability of a trait <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">measures the extent<\/span> to which differences among members of a population can be explained by differences in their genetics.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 8. <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">pioneered<\/span> research into <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">genetics using twins<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u0110\u1ec1 h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1eb7p song sinh.)<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Francis Galton &#8220;\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1eb7p song sinh \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1875, khi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Francis Galton l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb &#8216;nature and nurture&#8217; (t\u1ee9c &#8216;b\u1ea9m sinh v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng&#8217;)&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: Francis Galton<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">The idea of <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">using twins to measure the influence of heredity<\/span> dates back to 1875, when the English scientist Francis Galton <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">first suggested the approach<\/span> (and coined the phrase \u2018nature and nurture\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 9. carried out research into <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">twins who had lived apart.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u0110\u1ec1 h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p song sinh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng xa nhau.)<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Thomas Bouchard &#8220;Trong h\u01a1n hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, 137 c\u1eb7p song sinh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thomas Bouchard trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p song sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Minnesota&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: Thomas Bouchard<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Over two decades 137 sets of twins eventually visited Thomas Bouchard\u2019s lab in what became known as the Minnesota Study of <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">Twins Reared Apart<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_Questions_10_%E2%80%93_13\"><\/span>2.3. Questions 10 &#8211; 13<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Epigenetic processes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In epigenetic processes, (10)______ influence the activity of our genes, for example in creating our internal (11)______. The study of epigenetic processes is uncovering a way in which our genes can be affected by our (12)_______. One example is that if a pregnant rat suffers stress, the new-born rat may later show problems in its (13)________.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nurture<\/li>\n<li>organs<\/li>\n<li>code<\/li>\n<li>chemicals<\/li>\n<li>environment<\/li>\n<li>behaviour\/behavior<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 10. In <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">epigenetic processes<\/span>, (10)______ influence the activity of <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">our genes<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(Trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh epigenetic, ___________ \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb: NOUN<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: NOUN + influence (NOUN l\u00e0m Subject c\u1ee7a Verb \u2018INFLUENCE)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u sinh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t hay s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8216;th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba&#8217;. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n: c\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c suy y\u1ebfu, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: D. chemicals.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">Epigenetic processes<\/span> are chemical reactions tied to neither nature nor nurture but representing what researchers have called a \u2018third component\u2019. These reactions influence <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">how our genetic code is expressed<\/span>: how each gene is strengthened or weakened, even turned on or off, to build our bones, brains and all the other parts of our bodies.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 11. for example in <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">creating<\/span> our <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">internal<\/span> (11)______.<\/p>\n<p>(V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ___________ b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta.)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb: NOUN<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: creating + NOUN (NOUN l\u00e0m Object c\u1ee7a Transitive Verb &#8216;CREATING&#8217;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cNh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n: c\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c suy y\u1ebfu, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00e3o v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: B. organs<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">These reactions influence how our genetic code is expressed: how each gene is strengthened or weakened, even turned on or off, to <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">build<\/span> our bones, brains and all the other <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">parts of our bodies<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 12. <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">The study of epigenetic processes<\/span> is <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">uncovering<\/span> a way in which our genes can be <span style=\"background-color: #3366ff;\">affected<\/span> by our (12)_______.<\/p>\n<p>(Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh epigenetic \u0111ang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 gen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ___________.)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb: NOUN<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: by our + NOUN (NOUN theo sau Preposition \u2018BY&#8217;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cM\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u epigenetics \u0111ang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gen\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: E. environment<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">One way <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">the study of epigenetics<\/span> is <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">revolutionizing<\/span> our understanding of biology is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly <span style=\"background-color: #3366ff;\">impacts<\/span> on genes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">C\u00e2u 13. One example is that <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">if a pregnant rat suffers stress<\/span>, the <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">new-born rat<\/span> may later show <span style=\"background-color: #3366ff;\">problems in its<\/span> (13)________.<\/p>\n<p>(M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t con chu\u1ed9t mang thai g\u1eb7p c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, con chu\u1ed9t con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong ___________ c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau n\u00e0y.)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb: NOUN<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: in its + NOUN (NOUN theo sau Preposition \u2018IN&#8217;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cC\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t con chu\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i qua c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng khi mang thai, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i epigenetic \u1edf b\u00e0o thai d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi khi chu\u1ed9t l\u1edbn l\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: F. behaviour<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Studies of animals, for example, have shown that <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc00;\">when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy<\/span>, it can cause epigenetic changes in a <span style=\"background-color: #339966;\">fetus<\/span> that lead to <span style=\"background-color: #3366ff;\">behavioral problems<\/span> as the rodent grows up.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Tu_vung_trong_bai_Research_Using_Twins\"><\/span>3. T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng trong b\u00e0i Research Using Twins<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 1056px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center; height: 24px;\"><strong>T\u1eeb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center; height: 24px;\"><strong>\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center; height: 24px;\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 48px;\">Chronicles<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 48px;\">K\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (story, record).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 48px;\">A new documentary chronicles the lives of triplets separated at birth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Controversial<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">G\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u (causing a lot of disagreement).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">They were part of a controversial study.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Ultimate<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (crucial, vital, decisive).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">It was the ultimate test of nature versus nurture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Nurture<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">S\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">The test compared the effects of nature versus nurture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Identical<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau (exactly the same).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">It follows three identical brothers who were separated at birth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Triplet<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">M\u1ed9t trong ba \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb9 v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">After making headlines, they found the third triplet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Involved<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Tham gia, bao g\u1ed3m, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng (include, contain, comprise).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Of the 13 children involved, three sets of twins and one set of triplets were discovered.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Reunited<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">\u0110o\u00e0n t\u1ee5, h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 (bring back together, come together).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">A memoir of twins separated and reunited was published.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Adoptive<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn con nu\u00f4i (families with a child or children who have been adopted).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">The agency matched Jewish orphans with adoptive families.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Craft<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">T\u1ea1o ra, l\u00e0m ra (make, create, produce).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">They worked to craft a secret experiment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 72px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">Ended up<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 sau m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">The researchers carefully controlled which families the identical siblings ended up in.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Ethics<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">The study ended in 1980 because of the fear of backlash and controversy over ethics.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Controversy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">S\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">There was a fear of backlash and controversy over ethics.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Sealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong, \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">The data is sealed in a Yale archive until 2066.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Infancy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">This is the only twin study that followed its subjects from infancy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Properly<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Conducted properly, twin experiments can give scientists insights.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Insights<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Twin experiments can give scientists insights into how different habits, treatments, or lifestyles affect two people.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Genetic makeup<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p di truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gen.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Twin experiments help scientists understand how factors affect two people with the same genetic makeup.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Pinpoint<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Studying identical twins can also help scientists pinpoint the effect of epigenetics.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 72px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">Epigenetics<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">M\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m b\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft c\u00e1c gen.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">Scientists pinpoint the effect of epigenetics on gene expression and function.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 72px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">Determine<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">This can help determine if certain traits or diseases lean more heavily on genetics or the environment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Traits<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">This can help determine if certain traits lean more heavily on genetics or the environment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Obesity<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">B\u1ec7nh b\u00e9o ph\u00ec ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba c\u00e2n.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Twins have been used in research about obesity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Comprehensive<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">To\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">In a comprehensive review of twin studies worldwide, researchers found that environment and genetics have a 50\/50 influence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Rely<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o (depend on).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Certain conditions like bipolar disorder rely more heavily on genetics.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Asthma<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 ng\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1edf tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u01b0\u1eddng do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">There are studies on mood and anxiety disorders as well as asthma.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 72px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">Substance<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">The Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research examines the development of substance and related behavior disorders.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 72px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">Played a role in<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">C\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 (influence, impact, affect).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 72px;\">They examined whether environment or genes played a role in risk-taking behaviors that lead to substance abuse.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Observed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Theo d\u00f5i, xem x\u00e9t, quan s\u00e1t (watch, view, scrutinize).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">After astronaut Scott Kelly got back from a year in space, scientists observed that 7% of his genes were expressed differently.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Altered<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">\u0110\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">The genes that were altered were related to the immune system, bone formation, DNA repair, and responses to an oxygen-depleted or carbon-dioxide rich environment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Immune<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">The genes that were altered were related to the immune system.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">Oxygen-depleted<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">B\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t oxy.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;\">The genes were related to responses to an oxygen-depleted environment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Rodents<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 r\u0103ng c\u1eeda s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed9t.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Agency scientists plan to study changes in the rodents microbiomes and circadian cycles.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft cho b\u00e0i \u201cResearch Using Twins\u201d IELTS Reading m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1. Hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tips l\u00e0m b\u00e0i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng Reading hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng band nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc <a href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/khoa-hoc-ielts\"><strong>luy\u1ec7n thi IELTS<\/strong><\/a> t\u1ea1i The Catalyst for English nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cResearch Using Twins\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc IELTS Reading khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi paraphrase ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh keyword \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00e0i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":7992,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,51,42],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.0 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 Research Using Twins IELTS Reading - Cambrigde 11 Test 4<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 Research Using Twins IELTS Reading cambridge 11 test 4 passage 1 c\u00f9ng The Catalyst for English chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 Research Using Twins - Cambrigde 11 Test 4\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 Research Using Twins IELTS Reading cambridge 11 test 4 passage 1 c\u00f9ng The Catalyst for English chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Catalyst for English\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/thecatalystforenglish\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-01T09:36:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-01T09:36:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/research-using-twins.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"T\u1ea1 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea3o\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"T\u1ea1 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea3o\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/research-using-twins\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"T\u1ea1 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea3o\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/thecatalyst.edu.vn\/blogs\/#\/schema\/person\/126d35961f5b58ae03301f4c28aec9c7\"},\"headline\":\"Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 Research Using Twins &#8211; 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